When paired with a healthy diet and regular exercise, some studies have shown that participants can lose around 10%-15% of their weight, with other studies showing that in those who were overweight or obese, 5.9% total body weight loss at three months and 10.9% at six months was achieved
In the most of the studies the primary endpoint is a change in HbA1c from baseline, except for the SURPASS J combo, where the primary endpoint is the number of patients with more than one critical adverse event (69, 70)
Obviously, people are so familiar with that term and with the drugs that are out there
Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption [6] [8] Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency
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