If this proves correct, blood-brain barrier penetrance may be the wrong language for a real but poorly understood phenomenon, and compound design should target whatever route actually delivers these peptides to the relevant neurons
Memory (escape latency in the Morris water maze test), neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)), and neurochemicals (BDNF, catalase, glutathione, Amyloid Beta and cyclic GMP) were analyzed from whole brain samples in young (8-weeks-old) and aged (16-months-old) rats following 12 days of supplementation (100 mg/d HED of 1-MX [UPLEVEL, Ingenious Ingredients L.P., Lewisville, TX, USA]) via oral gavage
Place stronger human or clinical-context evidence toward the top and preclinical or regulatory-safety context below
Many potential side effects of GHK-Cu can be managed