doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.033 17 CarterARSandersonEHammertonGRichmondRCDavey SmithGHeronJet al
Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
In vitro studies on bone cells supported the expression of the conventional GLP-1R in osteoblasts and confirmed that liraglutide, at nanomolar concentrations, promoted osteoblast differentiation and reduced osteoblast apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3K, MAPK, and cAMP/PKA/-catenin intracellular pathways [46,47,48]
In terms of treatment, MGBA-targeted interventionsincluding probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantationhave shown promise in improving the gut environment, modulating immune-inflammatory responses, and alleviating behavioral symptoms in ASD